Struct के Basics

एक struct एक custom box है जिसे आप खुद design करते हैं, related data के अलग-अलग टुकड़ों को एक साथ रखने के लिए named compartments के साथ।

In this page:

Defining a Struct
Creating Struct Instances
Accessing and Modifying Fields
Field Init Shorthand

Syntax

rust

struct Name {
    field1: Type1,
    field2: Type2,
}

let value = Name { field1: v1, field2: v2 };
value.field1

Defining a Struct

struct keyword named fields के साथ एक नया custom type define करता है, हर एक अपने type के साथ। यह अलग loose variables उपयोग करने के बजाय related data को एक meaningful नाम के तहत group करता है।

उदाहरण: Defining a Struct

markup

// Define a struct `User` to group related fields together
struct User {
    name: String,
    age: u32,
}

// Entry point: execution of the program starts here
fn main() {
    // Declare an immutable variable `user`, set to `User { name: String::from("Ada"), age: 30 }`
    let user = User { name: String::from("Ada"), age: 30 };
    // Print "{} is {} years old" to the console, substituting in `user.name, user.age` (with a trailing newline)
    println!("{} is {} years old", user.name, user.age);
}

Creating Struct Instances

आप एक struct literal से एक struct instance बनाते हैं: type name के बाद curly braces जिसमें हर field के लिए एक value list है। सभी fields दी जानी चाहिए।

उदाहरण: Creating Struct Instances

markup

// Define a struct `Point` to group related fields together
struct Point {
    x: f64,
    y: f64,
}

// Entry point: execution of the program starts here
fn main() {
    // Declare an immutable variable `origin`, set to `Point { x: 0.0, y: 0.0 }`
    let origin = Point { x: 0.0, y: 0.0 };
    // Print "({}, {})" to the console, substituting in `origin.x, origin.y` (with a trailing newline)
    println!("({}, {})", origin.x, origin.y);
}

Accessing and Modifying Fields

Fields dot notation से पढ़े जाते हैं। अगर struct instance mut से bound है, इसके fields को creation के बाद individually भी reassign किया जा सकता है।

उदाहरण: Accessing and Modifying Fields

markup

// Define a struct `Counter` to group related fields together
struct Counter {
    value: i32,
}

// Entry point: execution of the program starts here
fn main() {
    // Declare a mutable variable `counter`, initialized to `Counter { value: 0 }`
    let mut counter = Counter { value: 0 };
    counter.value += 1;
    counter.value += 1;
    // Print "Counter is at {}" to the console, substituting in `counter.value` (with a trailing newline)
    println!("Counter is at {}", counter.value);
}

Field Init Shorthand

जब किसी variable का नाम किसी struct field के नाम से मेल खाता है, आप field: field के बजाय सिर्फ variable लिखते हुए नाम दोहराना छोड़ सकते हैं।

उदाहरण: Field Init Shorthand

markup

// Define a struct `Point3D` to group related fields together
struct Point3D {
    x: i32,
    y: i32,
    z: i32,
}

// Define the function `make_point` taking `x`, `y`, `z` and returning a `Point3D`
fn make_point(x: i32, y: i32, z: i32) -> Point3D {
    Point3D { x, y, z }
}

// Entry point: execution of the program starts here
fn main() {
    // Declare an immutable variable `p`, set to `make_point(1, 2, 3)`
    let p = make_point(1, 2, 3);
    // Print "({}, {}, {})" to the console, substituting in `p.x, p.y, p.z` (with a trailing newline)
    println!("({}, {}, {})", p.x, p.y, p.z);
}

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Struct के Basics

Defining a Struct

Creating Struct Instances

Accessing and Modifying Fields

Field Init Shorthand

Chapter Quiz — Complete all 7 topics to unlock

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