Associated Functions क्या हैं

// Define a struct `Point` to group related fields together
struct Point {
    x: i32,
    y: i32,
}

// Implement methods on `Point`
impl Point {
    // Define the function `origin` with no parameters and returning a `Point`
    fn origin() -> Point {
        Point { x: 0, y: 0 }
    }
}

// Entry point: execution of the program starts here
fn main() {
    // Declare an immutable variable `p`, set to `Point::origin()`
    let p = Point::origin();
    // Print "({}, {})" to the console, substituting in `p.x, p.y` (with a trailing newline)
    println!("({}, {})", p.x, p.y);
}

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// Define a struct `Rectangle` to group related fields together
struct Rectangle {
    width: f64,
    height: f64,
}

// Implement methods on `Rectangle`
impl Rectangle {
    // Define the function `new` taking `width`, `height` and returning a `Rectangle`
    fn new(width: f64, height: f64) -> Rectangle {
        Rectangle { width, height }
    }
}

// Entry point: execution of the program starts here
fn main() {
    // Declare an immutable variable `rect`, set to `Rectangle::new(4.0, 5.0)`
    let rect = Rectangle::new(4.0, 5.0);
    // Print "{} x {}" to the console, substituting in `rect.width, rect.height` (with a trailing newline)
    println!("{} x {}", rect.width, rect.height);
}

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// Define a struct `Square` to group related fields together
struct Square {
    side: f64,
}

// Implement methods on `Square`
impl Square {
    // Define the function `unit` with no parameters and returning a `Square`
    fn unit() -> Square {
        Square { side: 1.0 }
    }
}

// Entry point: execution of the program starts here
fn main() {
    // Declare an immutable variable `sq`, set to `Square::unit()`
    let sq = Square::unit();
    // Print "Unit square side: {}" to the console, substituting in `sq.side` (with a trailing newline)
    println!("Unit square side: {}", sq.side);
}

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// Define a struct `Color` to group related fields together
struct Color {
    r: u8,
    g: u8,
    b: u8,
}

// Implement methods on `Color`
impl Color {
    // Define the function `black` with no parameters and returning a `Color`
    fn black() -> Color {
        Color { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0 }
    }
    // Define the function `white` with no parameters and returning a `Color`
    fn white() -> Color {
        Color { r: 255, g: 255, b: 255 }
    }
}

// Entry point: execution of the program starts here
fn main() {
    // Declare an immutable variable `bg`, set to `Color::white()`
    let bg = Color::white();
    // Print "Background: ({}, {}, {})" to the console, substituting in `bg.r, bg.g, bg.b` (with a trailing newline)
    println!("Background: ({}, {}, {})", bg.r, bg.g, bg.b);
}

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