JS Optional Chaining
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object?.property
object?.[key]
object.method?.()Basic Optional Chaining
The optional chaining operator ?. reads a property only if everything before it isn't null or undefined, returning undefined instead of throwing an error when a link in the chain is missing.
उदाहरण: Basic Optional Chaining
const user = {};
console.log(user?.name); // undefined, no errorNested Properties
Optional chaining is especially useful for deeply nested data, like user?.address?.city, where any one of user, address, or city might not exist yet, avoiding a long chain of manual null checks before every property access.
उदाहरण: Nested Properties
const user = { address: {} };
console.log(user?.address?.city); // undefinedOptional Method Calls
?. also works before a function call, as in obj.method?.(), so the call is skipped safely if the method doesn't exist, instead of throwing a TypeError — useful for optional callbacks that might not have been provided.
उदाहरण: Optional Method Calls
const obj = {};
console.log(obj.greet?.()); // undefined, skipped safelyOptional Array Access
The same operator works with array-style access using ?.[index], letting you safely read an item from an array that might itself be null or undefined, without first checking the array's existence separately.
उदाहरण: Optional Array Access
const data = null;
console.log(data?.[0]); // undefinedOptional Chaining Limits
Optional chaining only guards against null and undefined, it does not silently swallow other kinds of errors, so code still needs normal error handling for genuine bugs.
उदाहरण: Optional Chaining Limits
const user = null;
try {
console.log(user.name.length); // still throws, unrelated bug
} catch (e) {
console.log("Error:", e.message);
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