C के Numeric Data Types
In this page:
integer_type variable_name = whole_number;
floating_type variable_name = decimal_number;
// integer_type: short, int, long, long long
// floating_type: float, double
Integer Types
C कई integer types देता है -- short, int, long, और long long -- हर एक whole numbers की अलग range देता है, int ज़्यादातर everyday counting और arithmetic के लिए standard default choice है।
उदाहरण: Integer Types
// Include standard input/output (printf, scanf)
#include <stdio.h>
// Program execution starts in main()
int main() {
// Declare s and set it to 10
short s = 10;
// Declare i and set it to 1000
int i = 1000;
long l = 100000L;
long long ll = 10000000000LL;
// Print formatted text to the screen
printf("%hd %d %ld %lld", s, i, l, ll);
// Return 0 to signal that the program finished successfully
return 0;
}
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Floating-Point Types
Floating-point types, float और double, fractional part वाले numbers store करते हैं, double float से लगभग दोगुनी precision देता है ज़्यादा memory इस्तेमाल करने की कीमत पर।
उदाहरण: Floating-Point Types
// Include standard input/output (printf, scanf)
#include <stdio.h>
// Program execution starts in main()
int main() {
// Declare f and set it to 3.14f
float f = 3.14f;
// Declare d and set it to 3.14159265358979
double d = 3.14159265358979;
// Print formatted text to the screen
printf("%.2f %.11f", f, d);
// Return 0 to signal that the program finished successfully
return 0;
}
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int बनाम float बनाम double चुनना
int, float, और double के बीच चुनना इस पर आता है कि क्या एक value हमेशा whole number है, limited memory use के साथ decimal precision चाहिए, या ज़्यादातर general decimal math के लिए double जितनी higher precision चाहिए।
उदाहरण: Choosing int vs float vs double
// Include standard input/output (printf, scanf)
#include <stdio.h>
// Program execution starts in main()
int main() {
// Declare quantity and set it to 3
int quantity = 3;
// Declare price and set it to 19.99
double price = 19.99;
// Print formatted text to the screen
printf("Total: %.2f", quantity * price);
// Return 0 to signal that the program finished successfully
return 0;
}
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Number Ranges और Overflow
हर numeric type की representable values की एक fixed range होती है, और उस range को पार करना overflow cause करता है, जहाँ value चुपचाप wrap around होकर error उठाने की बजाय एक unexpected result देती है।
उदाहरण: Number Ranges and Overflow
// Include standard input/output (printf, scanf)
#include <stdio.h>
// Program execution starts in main()
int main() {
// Declare maxVal and set it to 2147483647
int maxVal = 2147483647;
maxVal = maxVal + 1;
// Print formatted text to the screen
printf("%d", maxVal);
// Return 0 to signal that the program finished successfully
return 0;
}
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Numeric Literals
Numeric literals decimal, hexadecimal (0x prefix के साथ), या octal (leading 0 के साथ) form में लिखे जा सकते हैं, और L, U, या F जैसे suffixes compiler को बताते हैं कि literal को किस specific type की तरह treat करना है।
उदाहरण: Numeric Literals
// Include standard input/output (printf, scanf)
#include <stdio.h>
// Program execution starts in main()
int main() {
// Declare decimal and set it to 100
int decimal = 100;
// Declare hex and set it to 0x64
int hex = 0x64;
int octal = 0144;
// Print formatted text to the screen
printf("%d %d %d", decimal, hex, octal);
// Return 0 to signal that the program finished successfully
return 0;
}
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5 / 2जैसे दो ints divide करना और 2.5 की उम्मीद करना, जब integer division 2 देता है।- एक
intको overflow करना, जैसेINT_MAXमें 1 add करना, जो signed types के लिए undefined behavior है। - गलत format specifier इस्तेमाल करना, जैसे एक
doubleके लिए%d, जो garbage print करता है।
Chapter Quiz — Complete all 21 topics to unlock
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Complete these topics first:
- C Introduction
- C History & Features
- C Environment Setup
- C First Program
- C Syntax & Structure
- C Statements
- C Comments
- C Keywords & Identifiers
- C Data Types
- C Character Data Type
- C Numeric Data Types
- C Decimal (Floating-Point) Numbers
- C sizeof Operator
- C Extended Data Types
- C Type Conversion
- C Booleans
- C Variables
- C Changing Variable Values
- C Multiple Variables
- C Constants
- C Fixed-Width Integers